Are you a Green Card holder who has lived in the United States for five years? If so, you may be eligible to apply for U.S. citizenship through naturalization.
The most common way to become a U.S. citizen is by holding a Green Card for at least five years. Naturalization is the process through which a foreign national voluntarily becomes a U.S. citizen. Below, we outline the general eligibility requirements and steps for applying, along with answers to frequently asked questions.
General Eligibility Requirements for Naturalization
To apply for naturalization, Green Card holders must meet specific eligibility requirements based on their circumstances. The general requirements include:
- Age Requirement: You must be at least 18 years old.
- Permanent Residency: You must have been a lawful permanent resident (Green Card holder) for at least five years.
- Continuous Residence: You must have continuously resided in the U.S. for at least five years before filing Form N-400 (Application for Naturalization).
- Physical Presence: You must have been physically present in the U.S. for at least 30 months within the five-year period before applying.
- State Residency: You must have lived for at least three months in the state or USCIS district that has jurisdiction over your place of residence.
- Good Moral Character: You must demonstrate good moral character for at least five years before applying.
Additional Requirements for Naturalization
In addition to meeting the basic eligibility requirements, applicants must:
- Pass an English Test: Demonstrate the ability to read, write, and speak basic English.
- Pass a Civics Test: Show knowledge of U.S. history, government principles, and the Constitution.
- Show Loyalty to the U.S.: Exhibit attachment to the principles and ideals of the U.S. Constitution.
- Take the Oath of Allegiance: Complete the naturalization process by taking the official Oath of Allegiance to the United States .
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is Form N-400, and where can I get it?
Form N-400 is the official Application for Naturalization. You can download it from the USCIS website or file online.
2. Can I apply for naturalization if I have been outside the U.S. for an extended period?
Extended absences from the U.S. (over six months) may disrupt the requirement for continuous residence. If you’ve been outside the U.S. for more than a year, you may need to restart your five-year residency period before applying.
3. What if I am married to a U.S. citizen?
If you are married to a U.S. citizen, you may be eligible for naturalization after just three years as a Green Card holder, provided you meet all other requirements.
4. Do I have to take the English and Civics tests?
Most applicants must pass both tests. However, exemptions may apply for:
- Green Card holders aged 50 or older who have lived in the U.S. for at least 20 years.
- Green Card holders aged 55 or older who have lived in the U.S. for at least 15 years.
- Individuals with certain medical conditions that prevent them from taking the tests.
5. How long does the naturalization process take?
Processing times vary, but on average, it takes 6-12 months from application submission to receiving citizenship.
6. What happens after I apply?
After filing Form N-400, you will receive:
- A receipt notice
- A biometrics appointment (if required)
- A naturalization interview and exam
- A decision on your application
- If approved, an invitation to take the Oath of Allegiance
Final Thoughts
Becoming a U.S. citizen is a significant milestone. If you meet the eligibility requirements and are ready to take the next step, visit the official USCIS website for detailed instructions and application materials. Consulting with an immigration attorney can also help ensure a smooth naturalization process.
By staying informed and preparing thoroughly, you can successfully complete your journey to U.S. citizenship!