American workers who have recently been diagnosed with a medical condition may find themselves navigating the complexities of the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program. Unlike Social Security retirement benefits, which require individuals to earn 40 work credits and reach at least age 62, SSDI has different eligibility rules for those who are younger and unable to work due to a disability.
How Work Credits Are Earned
In 2025, workers earn one work credit for every $1,810 in covered earnings. The maximum number of work credits a person can accumulate per year is four, meaning individuals must earn at least $7,240 annually to receive the full four credits.
Since many SSDI applicants develop disabilities before turning 30, the Social Security Administration (SSA) has specific rules regarding how many work credits are required based on age.
Work Credit Requirements for SSDI Eligibility
To qualify for SSDI, applicants must pass two key tests:
- The Recent Work Test: Determines if the applicant has worked enough in recent years before becoming disabled.
- The Duration of Work Test: Establishes if the applicant has worked long enough over their lifetime to qualify for benefits.
Recent Work Test
- Before age 24: Must have at least six work credits earned in the three years before the disability began.
- Ages 24 to 31: Must have worked for at least half the time between age 21 and when the disability started.
- Age 31 or older: Must have at least 20 work credits in the 10 years leading up to the disability.
Duration of Work Test (Years of Work Required by Age)
| Age When Disability Begins | Years of Work Needed |
|---|---|
| Before age 28 | 1.5 years |
| 30 | 2 years |
| 34 | 3 years |
| 38 | 4 years |
| 42 | 5 years |
| 44 | 5.5 years |
| 46 | 6 years |
| 48 | 6.5 years |
| 50 | 7 years |
| 52 | 7.5 years |
| 54 | 8 years |
| 56 | 8.5 years |
| 58 | 9 years |
| 60 | 9.5 years |
Additional Considerations
- SSDI benefits are not income-based, meaning they are available regardless of financial status.
- The SSA applies a five-month waiting period before benefits begin.
- Some individuals may qualify for expedited benefits under programs like Compassionate Allowances, which fast-track certain severe conditions.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What happens if I don’t meet the work credit requirements? If you don’t have enough work credits, you may not qualify for SSDI. However, you might be eligible for Supplemental Security Income (SSI), a needs-based program for disabled individuals with limited income and resources.
2. Can I work while receiving SSDI? Yes, but there are strict income limits. The Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA) limit in 2025 is $1,550 per month ($2,590 for blind individuals). Exceeding this amount may affect eligibility.
3. How long do SSDI benefits last? Benefits continue as long as your medical condition prevents you from working. The SSA conducts Continuing Disability Reviews (CDRs) periodically to determine if you are still eligible.
4. Can I apply for SSDI while working? Yes, but your earnings must be below the SGA limit. If you are working and making more than the limit, the SSA may determine that you are not disabled.
5. Does SSDI provide health coverage? Yes. After receiving SSDI for 24 months, beneficiaries automatically qualify for Medicare, regardless of age.
Final Thoughts
Understanding SSDI’s work credit requirements can help applicants determine their eligibility and avoid delays in receiving benefits. If you’re unsure whether you qualify, consider consulting a Social Security representative or a disability attorney to guide you through the application process.